Suitable poultry housing is very important for successful poultryfarming business. Poultry birds can be raised in both free range and indoor production systems.
In case indoor production system, it is very crucial to manage the environment. Poultry need accurate management and environment for better production and welfare.
Whether the poultry raised in indoor or outdoor system, make sure the well management, ventilation, lighting, temperature and litter condition.
对于小规模的家禽生产，便携式房屋是最好的，这是一种有机方法。但是，对于可持续的商业家禽生产，计划且设计正确的家禽住房对于保持家禽鸟的健康和生产力至关重要。这将增加农业生产和收入。
Table of Contents
要考虑良好家禽住房的因素
在这里，我们在为您的家禽建造一个好房子的同时，进一步描述了这些因素。
Environment
一个好的家禽住房系统必须是天气证明。防风雨家禽住房系统将使家禽鸟免受不利天气条件的安全，例如寒冷，雨水，风，炎热的阳光等。
家禽住房系统应具有提供温暖的设施，尤其是在沉思期和冬季。房子必须通风良好。
必须要有保护的设施吗poultry birds from harmful predators. Different types of innovative poultry housing design are used inpoultry farmingbusiness.
It may be just a simple house, mobile or portable house or fixed houses with permanent foundation.
Temperature
成年鸡在体内含有约105°至107°的华氏度温度。鸡可以维持其体温，并在65°至75°Fahrenheit的热区域中生长得很好。
If the temperature is under or higher than this zone, then you must have to control the temperature in any way.
鸡在炎热的天气下降低了食物消耗率。他们没有汗腺。结果，在炎热的天气状况下，家禽的生长将较少。
They begin panting at or above 85° Fahrenheit temperature. Drink water frequently to keep them free from dehydration.
It is very difficult to combine between high temperature and high humidity, because in those conditions panting does not make the body of chicken cool. In some countries, hot weather is very harmful than cold weather.
You must have to control hot weather strictly forbroiler poultry farming，因为它们是非常快速的鸟，无法忍受高温。
You have to keep sufficient cool drinking water inside the poultry housing, during summer season. During winter season, use heaters for heating the poultry housing system.
大多数农民不使用加热器来加热房屋，并依靠家禽鸟的体温进行加热。
The poultry birds consume more feed in winter season, because they need more energy to keep their body warm and keep them free from cold. Most farmer provide the poultry more food instead of heating the house.
Because feeding more feed costs less than heating the house. However, you can use electric heaters or gas brooders for the purpose of heating the poultry housing area.
Keep a thermometer inside every poultry house for measuring the daily temperature, and always follow the weather forecasts.
Ventilation
禽类住房系统内部的通风在控制室内环境方面起着非常重要的作用。它可以去除水分，热量，气体等，并在家禽屋内带来新鲜空气。
You can design ventilation system in both natural and artificial (mechanical) methods. Most farmers use natural ventilation for poultry production.
In natural ventilation system, you can open wide windows and side curtains to ensure the entrance of fresh air to make the house cold during summer season (hot weather).
A pair of vent in the roof of poultry house, will help to remove the hot air. A roof of at least six feet height from the floor, is suitable for this purpose.
控制自然通风比人工方法更困难。在冬季，制定适当的通风系统，以保持热量，并从房屋中去除高温和气体（如氨）。
大多数农民在冬季关闭窗户和侧窗帘，因为温暖的空气比冷空气更具水分。但是，您应该在房屋内允许少量的空气，每天一次或两次水分。
In artificial ventilation system you can fully control the movement of air inside the poultry housing system. But this system is not suitable for free range poultry housing.
Lighting
光也是家禽种植的重要元素。和家禽鸟对光非常敏感。光线帮助家禽鸟提高生产力，找到食物并模拟它们以繁殖。
Besides light, the poultry birds also need dark period for keeping good health and producing melatonin hormone (which is very important for immune function).
Almost all types of poultry birds require 8 hours of darkness period and 16 hours presence of light. Almost all poultry producer use only the natural light for lighting the poultry house.
Darkness is helpful for some fast growing broiler species, and helps them for reducing leg disorders and build their body frame.
但是，家禽小鸡每天在孵化后每天轻24小时才能找到食物和水壶。一些商业肉鸡禽生产商使用漫长的照明期来鼓励食用更多食物。
This results very fast growing of broilers. Broiler poultry birds do not eat food and drink water in the dark.
If the poultry birds are kept in darkness for some moment, then they will be more active in the light than continuous lighting period (and they will eat more food).
This is a good practice, and it keeps the poultry birds healthy. In accordance with natural lighting, you have to use artificial light.
In small scale poultry rearing, you can use 14 to 16 hours of lighting period for layer poultry (where artificial lighting is needed for 4 to 6 hours daily depending on the season).
但是照明期不应超过一年中最长的一天。保持照明期layer poultry farmingvery carefully, otherwise they will lay egg very soon or stop laying eggs.
使用白炽灯或荧光灯泡进行人造照明。荧光灯比白炽灯泡非常昂贵。但是荧光灯灯泡非常节能且持久。
但是，根据您的选择和需求使用灯泡。在白炽灯泡中，每个200平方英尺的区域都使用60瓦的灯泡，并始终使用宽阔的反射器来最大化光线。
Clean the bulbs regularly. You can use an automatic controller for maintaining a regular lighting period. Because if you forget to switch on the light manually, then it can hamper the egg and meat production of your poultry birds.
Always use waterproof sockets inside the poultry housing system. Maintaining a lighting period inside the poultry house in morning is very effective than lighting in the evening.
Adjust the lighting period according to the weather condition and season. Where there is no electricity or load shedding is very high, use batteries, or solar system for lighting the poultry house.
Litter
For successful poultry farming and getting desired production, litter management is very important. Usually the litter is used for covering the floor of poultry housing system which may be made of concrete, wooden or earthen.
Litter absorbs the moister of closet and dilutes the manure. It also works as the bed for the poultry birds. Rice hulls and soft wood shavings are the common materials used by the farmers around the world.
除此之外，您还可以使用其他一些材料来制造目的，例如回收报纸，沙子，干木纤维，切碎的松树稻草，花生壳等。
Small scale poultry farmer also use some other materials such as hay and straw as poultry litter. Whatever you use, always try to use those materials which are healthy for poultry and compost well.
A good litter contain about 20% to 30% moisture and depth about 2 to 4 inch. Ventilate the pulse very well, and it will help to remove moisture from the litter.
High moisture in litter is very harmful for poultry health. Wet litter causes some problem like sores, and blister on poultry birds and produce ammonia gas which hampers the respiratory system of poultry.
Use aluminum sulfate or hydrated lime to reduce ammonia gas from the litter. You can use the litter again and again after drying the materials properly.
But don’t use the used litter if any disease affect in the poultry farm. After selling the poultry, remove the used litter from poultry house by machine or hand.
This litter can be used as a good manure in the agricultural land for crop cultivation. In some area poultry manure and litter is very valuable and an extra source of earning cash.
干性家禽粪便含有3.84％的氮，2.01％的磷和1.42％的钾。一词，家禽粪便非常适合使土壤肥沃，并且可以用于有机农业系统中。
这些是为您的鸟类创建合适的家禽住房系统的普遍考虑。在为鸟类制作房屋时，非常谨慎地跟随一切。上帝祝福你！
