Broccoli farming is a very common and popular business in many countries around the world.越来越多的西兰花is relatively easy and it is a very favorite vegetable. Commercial production is very profitable and a great way to earn money.
Broccoli is actually an edible green plant in the cabbage family. It’s large flowering head, stalk and small associated leaves are eaten as a vegetable. It is classified in the Italica cultivar group of the species Brassica oleracea.
Broccoli has large flower heads, usually dark green, arranged in a tree-like structure branching out from a thick stalk which is usually light green. The mass of flower heads is surrounded by leaves. Broccoli resembles cauliflower, which is a different, but closely related cultivar group of the same Brassica species.
Most of the broccoli cultivars are cool weather crops that do poorly in hot summer weather. Broccoli grows best when exposed to an average daily temperature ranging between 14° C and 23° C.
西兰花全年在加利福尼亚州成长United States(which produced 92% of the crop nationally). Total global production of broccoli in the year of 2019 (combined for production reports with cauliflowers) was 27 million tonnes.
India and China together accounting for 73% of the world total production. Secondary producers, each having about one million tonnes or less annually, were the United States, Spain and Mexico.
但是，大规模或商业西兰花耕作是一项非常好的盈利业务。您可以从这项业务中赚取大量资金。如果您有事先经验，则可以开始西兰花生产cauliflower farming.
Table of Contents
西兰花的营养价值
Broccoli is very nutritious and healthy, and it can be eaten either raw or cooked. It is particularly rich source of vitamin C and vitamin K. Contents of its characteristic sulfur-containing glucosinolate compounds, isothiocyanates and sulforaphane, are diminished by boiling, but are better preserved by steaming, microwaving or stir-frying.
According to维基百科, a 100 gram serving of raw broccoli provides 34 calories, vitamin C (107% DV) and vitamin K (97% DV). Raw broccoli contains moderate amounts of several B vitamins and the dietary mineral manganese. And raw broccoli is 3% protein, 7% carbohydrates, 89% water and contain negligible amount of fat.
消费西兰花的健康益处
As you can see above, broccoli is very nutritious and a healthy food. It is safe for your health and you can consume regularly. Here we are trying to describe the top health benefits of consuming broccoli.
- Broccoli is low in digestive carbs but provides a decent amount of fiber.
- Fiber present in the broccoli promotes gut health and may reduce the risk of various diseases.
- Broccoli is a good source of protein. Actually, it is higher in protein than most other common vegetables.
- 西兰花是一些必需的维生素和矿物质的很好来源。它富含维生素C，K1，B9，钾，铁和锰。
- It is also high in many other plant compounds that have been associated with health benefits (the most abundant one is sulforaphane).
- 西兰花有助于预防癌症。它充满了可以预防癌症的化合物。
- Regular consumption of broccoli can help you to lower your cholesterol levels.
- 西兰花被认为对眼睛和皮肤有益。它含有β胡萝卜素，您的身体转化为维生素A。它可能会增强视力（如果您对维生素A的摄入量很低）。
- 可以生吃或煮熟的西兰花。您可以使用这种美味健康的蔬菜准备许多菜肴。
Advantages/Benefits of Broccoli Farming Business
商业西兰花耕作是一项非常好的盈利业务。您可以从这项业务中赚钱。它是全世界许多国家的一家古老而建立的业务。
Broccoli farming is very easy if you learn practically from an existing farmer. Beginners can also start this business with little knowledge (although, learning practically will be better). Here we are trying to describe more information about the top advantages or benefits of commercial broccoli farming business.
- 商业西兰花耕作不是一项新业务。在世界许多国家，这是一家非常古老且已建立的业务。
- 世界各地的许多人已经在商业上从事这项业务。因此，您不必担心开始和经营这项业务。
- You will probably be able to find some existing farmers in your area to learn practically.
- We recommend learning from existing farmers. Doing so will help you to start and run your business smoothly.
- Actually, broccoli farming is very easy and the beginners can also start this business.
- 商业西兰花耕作非常有利可图，您将能够从这项业务中赚取丰厚的利润。
- You can make good profit from this business within a very short period of time.
- Initial investment requirement is relatively low, but you will be able to make good returns if you can do everything perfectly from start to finish.
- Both demand and value of broccoli are good in both domestic and international market.
- Broccoli is very popular in the market, and you don’t have to worry much about marketing your products.
- 西兰花植物通常在很少的护理和管理下生长良好。关心植物相对容易。
- 商业西兰花农业可以是一个伟大的企业s and employment source for the educated unemployed people.
- 西兰花非常营养和健康。您可以以多种不同的方式享受它。
- You can enjoy fresh broccoli if you start your own production business.
如何开始康门cial Broccoli Farming Business
Starting commercial broccoli farming business is just like starting other188金宝搏app亚洲登录作物耕作业务. It’s relatively easy and simple. The plants generally grow well in relatively less caring and other management.
如果您是初学者，那么您可以尝试从现有农民那里学习。但是，在这里，我们试图更多地描述有关开始和经营西兰花耕作业务的步骤，从种植，关心到收获和营销。
Site Selection
首先，您必须选择一个很好的位置，以开始您的西兰花养殖业务。西兰花植物通常需要潮湿的土壤才能蓬勃发展和适当的生长。西兰花养殖的最佳pH水平在5.0至6.5之间。
土地准备
Well drained soil which contains good organic fertilizer content is ideal for broccoli production. Till the soil and add well-rotted aged manure or homemade compost. And this application will give the broccoli plants most of their nutrients.
Climate Requirement
Most of the broccoli cultivars/varieties are cool-weather crops. These plants don’t grow well in hot summer weather. Broccoli plants grow best when exposed to an average daily temperature ranging between 18° C and 23° C.
Broccoli Varieties/Cultivars
Choosing the right variety is very important for getting better production. There are generally 3 types of broccoli such as Calabrese broccoli, Sprouting broccoli and purple cauliflower (a type of broccoli grown in Europe and North America).
Common and popular cultivars of broccoli include Waltham 29, Sun King, Romanesco, Purple Sprouting, Green Magic, Green Goliath, DiCicco, Destiny, Coronado Crown, Blue Wind and Belstar.
You can choose any variety depending on it’s performance in your area. Consult with the local farmers in your area for having better recommendations.
购买种子
Purchasing good quality seeds is also very important for getting better production. You can purchase good quality fresh seeds from any of your nearest seed supply stores after choosing the right variety. Today, many suppliers have online presence. So, you can also order online.
种植
您可以为商业生产选择种子或移植物。西兰花植物非常耐寒，种子可以在温度低至40°F的土壤中发芽。
You need to plant the seeds 4-5 weeks before the plants are needed for transplanting. You should plant the seeds about half inch deep in rows, 3-5 inches apart.
在行之间保持约2.5英尺的空间，并将幼苗相距1-1.5英尺。种子在发芽期间定期浇水。
但是，如果您不想面对种子中种植植物的所有这些麻烦，那么您可以考虑从苗圃购买移植物。
Caring
西兰花植物通常生长良好，需要更少的关怀和其他管理。在这里，我们试图更多地描述有关西兰花种植的关怀步骤。
Fertilizing
Providing adequate amount of fertilizer is very important. Try to add adequate organic fertilizers while preparing the soil for broccoli farming. Application of chemical fertilizers is also necessary for optimum production.
Apply nitrogen at the rate of 50 kg per acre, phosphorus at the rate of 25 kg per acre and potassium at the rate of 25 kg per acre. Full dose of FYM, phosphorus and potassium and half dose of Nitrogen is added before transplanting. Rest of the nitrogen dose is added after one month of transplanting.
Watering
Provide first irrigation immediately after transplanting. Then apply irrigation at interval of 7-8 days in summer season and 10-15 days during winter season (depending upon soil and climatic conditions).
Mulching
Mulching is very helpful for retaining moisture into the soil. It also helps to prevent weeds from the field. You can use organic materials for mulching (such as grass clippings, hay etc.).
除草
You can control weed from the field in two different methods (manual and chemical). Manual method is good, but requires time and labor. You can apply Fluchloralin 1-2 liter per 600-700 liter of water before transplantation followed by hand weeding 30 to 40 days after transplanting. Apply Pendimethalin at the rate of 1 liter per acre one day before transplanting of seedlings.
Pests & Diseases
Like many other commercial crops, broccoli plants are also susceptible to some pests and diseases. Here we are trying to describe more about these pests and diseases.
Diseases & Their Control
西兰花植物的常见疾病是白色霉菌，抑制，霉菌和环斑。
Ring Spots
Ring spots are small and purple color spots which are seen on the leaves which turns brown at maturity. When you notice infestation, spray with Metalaxyl 8% plus Mancozeb 64% WP at the rate of 250 grams per 150 liter of water.
Downy Mildew
淡霉的常见症状是小角病，在叶子下表面看到橙色或黄色。您可以以每150升水的250克的速度以250克的速度喷涂金属二酰基8％加MANCOZEB 64％WP。
抑制
抑制疾病是由溶质根神经溶质引起的。常见症状是发芽后幼苗的立即死亡，茎上棕红色或黑色腐烂。应以根部2.5克的速度加入RIDOMIL黄金，并在需要时进行灌溉。而且不要让水站在田间。
白色霉菌
White mod disease of broccoli is caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The symptoms are irregular and grey color lesions are seen on the leaves and stem. Spraying of Metalaxyl plus Mancozeb at the rate of 2 grams per liter of water should be done at the interval of 10 days.
害虫及其控制
Common pests of the broccoli plants are diamond back moth, nematodes and thrips.
Diamond Back Moth
钻石回来蛾幼虫吃上和低er surface of the leaves and as a result it damages the whole plant. Spraying of Spinosad 25% SC 80ml per 150 liter water for per acre should be done if you notice infestation.
Nematodes
Common symptoms of nematode infestation are reduction in plant growth and yellowing of plants. Broadcasting of Forate at the rate of 5 kg or Carborural at the rate of 10 kg per acre will be effective.
Thrips
Thrips are small insects which pale yellow to light brown in color and the symptoms are distorted leaves, and silvery leaves are seen. If aphids and jassids harms more, then spraying of Imidachloprid 17.8 SL 60ml per acre in 150ltr water should be done.
Harvesting
Generally, broccoli harvesting is done when the heads reach the marketable size. They should be marketed as soon as possible after harvesting, because they can’t be stored for longer time. After harvesting, sprouts again get ready for harvesting after 10-12 days. Broccoli can’t be harvested using machines, meaning it must be hand-harvested.
屈服
It’s very difficult to tell the exact amount. It depends on various factors (such as variety, season, temperature etc,). On average, you can expect around 0.35 tonnes production per acre.
Marketing
Marketing broccoli is very easy. It already has good demand and value in the market. You will probably be able to easily sell your products in the local market.
These are the common steps and ways for starting and operating a successful broccoli farming business. Hope this guide has helped you! Good luck!
