Pineapple farming business is very common and popular in almost all countries around the world. And it is one of the most commercially important印度的水果作188金宝搏app亚洲登录物and some other South Asian countries.
The pineapples are one of the most favored fruits and it rank next to mango. It is known for it’s rich, sweet taste and spiny texture. It is actually a delicious fruit. It is Spiny and thorny on the outside, but sweet and delicious on the inside.
菠萝(Ananas Comosus) is actually a tropical plant with edible fruit and it is the most economically significant plant in the family Bromeliaceae. It is indigenous to South America, where it has been cultivated for many centuries.
在十七世纪将菠萝引入欧洲，使其成为奢侈品的重要文化偶像。自1820年代以来，它已经在温室和许多热带种植园中商业发展。
Commercial pineapplefarmingplay a very important role in fruit supply in many countries. It is actually the third most important tropical fruit in the world production.
Hawaii was a dominant producer of pineapples, in the twentieth century, especially for the US. But by 2016, Brazil, Costa Rica and the Philippines accounted for nearly one-third of the world’s total production of pineapples.
The pineapples grow as a small shrub. The individual flowers of the unpollinated plant fuse to form a multiple fruit. The plants are generally propagated from the offset produced at the top of the fruit, or from a side shoot, and typically mature within a year.
Table of Contents
Nutritional Benefits of Pineapples
The pineapple is one of the most popular fruits all of the world, because of it’s pleasant taste and flavor. It is a great source of vitamins and minerals. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture: nutrients per serving of 165 grams chunks:
- 钙21 mg
- 卡路里74
- 胆固醇0毫克
- Carbohydrate (total) 19.5 g
- Fat (total) 0 g
- 蛋白质1 g
- 钾206毫克
- 钠2 mg
- Sugars 13.7 g
- Vitamin C 28 mg
However, here we are shortly describing about the common health benefits of pineapples.
- Pineapples are great source of vitamin C, a water-soluble antioxidant that fights cell damage. Vitamin C is a helpful fighter against problems such as heart disease and joint pain. [1]
- 菠萝是锰的重要来源，这对于发展强骨和结缔组织非常重要。
- Pineapples are helpful for reducing the rist of macular degeneration, a disease that affects the eyes as people age.
- Like many other fruits, the pineapple also contains dietary fiber, which is essential in keeping you regular and in keeping your intestines healthy.
- 菠萝含有大量的溴烯，这是一种分解蛋白质的酶，可能有助于消化。
- Pineapples can help reduce excessive coagulation of the blood, because of their bromelain levels. This makes this fruit a good snack for frequent fliers and others at risk for blood clots.
- In addition to having lots of vitamin C, pineapple’s bromelain may help reduce mucus in the throat and nose.
Advantages of Pineapple Farming Business
Starting commercial pineapple farming business has many advantages. It it a very popular fruit, so starting this commercially can be a great business idea. Here we are shortly describing about the top advantages of pineapple farming business.
- Commercial pineapple farming is already an established business. So, you don’t have to worry much about this. You can take this opportunity for making profits.
- The pineapples are generally sold at very good prices in the market.
- Both demand and price are good in the domestic and international market.
- Pineapples can be processed into jam, juice, vinegar, preserves and candies.
- The leaves are a source of a remarkable strong and silky fiber that can be processed into cloth and cordage.
- 罐头的皮肤和菠萝浪费可以用果酱和干燥，以进行牲畜饲料。
- 菠萝可以在世界各地的大多数国家生长。
- Commercial pineapple farming can be a good business idea for the women and the educated unemployed people.
- Production cost is comparatively less than producing some other common fruits.
- 营销菠萝非常容易。因为它是一种流行的果实。您不必担心营销产品。
如何开始菠萝养殖业务
Pineapple farming is very easy and simple. You can start this business and operate successfully, even if you are a beginner.
Pineapples actually grow as a small shrub. The individual flowers of the unpollinated plant fuse to form a multiple fruit.
The plant is generally propagated from the offset produced at the top of the fruit, or from a side shoot. And the fruits generally mature within a year.
在这里，我们描述了有关商业菠萝农业业务的更多信息，从种植，关心到收获和营销。
选择一个好的位置
First of all, select a very good location for starting your pineapple farming business. Pineapples grow in almost all types of soil, provided it is free-draining.
Slightly acidic soil with a pH range of 5.5 to 6.0 is generally considered very good for pineapple cultivation.
为了最大程度的产量，土壤必须排水良好，质地浅浅。重粘土不是首选。菠萝可以在沙质，冲积或肉馅岩土壤中生长。
Good transportation service is also very important. So, ensure good transportation services are available in your selected area, for easy marketing of your products.
准备土壤
Preparing the soil perfectly is very important for successful pineapple farming business. The soil must have to be well-drained for successful cultivation of pineapples. The pH range of the soil should be between 5.5 and 6.0.
你需要准备种植的土地plowing or digging the soil and leveling. Depending on the nature of the land, trenches of convenient length, about 90 cm. the width and 15-30 cm. the depth is prepared.
Climate Requirements for Pineapple Cultivation
菠萝通常在大雨的地区增长（最佳降雨量为每年1500毫米）。虽然，它可以在具有500毫米至5550毫米的降雨量的地区生长。
The pineapples are suitable for cultivation in humid tropics. It grows well near the sea cost as well as in the inland, as long as the temperature are not extreme (ranges from 15.5°C to 32.5°C).
Low temperature, bright sunshine and total shade are harmful for pineapple cultivation. The plants can grow successfully up to 1525 m above the sea level.
Best Time for Pineapple Farming
菠萝是潮湿的热带植物。它们在平原上可以很好地生长，而且海拔不超过900米。植物不能忍受很高的温度也不能忍受。
菠萝通常从2月至4月开花，从7月到9月，水果就可以准备好了。有时，淡季的花朵会出现，它们在9月至12月生产果实。
Choose a Variety
Choosing the right variety is very important for successful pineapple farming business. Different varieties are cultivated in different countries and areas of the world. Here we are shortly describing about some common varieties which are grown widely in India.
Charlotte Rothchild:The fruits are large, oblong and tapering towards the crown. Flesh is pale yellow, fiberless and juicy. This variety is mostly grown in Kerala and Goa.
巨人库：果实椭圆形,顶附近的逐渐减少。Fruits appear with shallow and broad eyes which turn yellow when ripe. The flesh is yellow, fiberless and juicy.
Jaldhup:果实的味道很香，与酸性味道混合在一起。果实具有特征性的，天然的酒精风味，使其很容易区分。
Kew:果实椭圆形,顶附近的逐渐减少。果实有浅而宽阔的眼睛，成熟后变黄。果肉多汁，无纤维和浅黄色。叶子在尖端附近和底部附近的底部附近有一组短的刺。单个水果达到1.5至2.5公斤。
Lakhat：The fruits are sour in taste, and grow well in Assam.
毛里求斯：果实的大小中等，在酸中含有深黄色或红色。黄色的水果更长方形和纤维。但是红色水果比黄色更甜。
女王：The fruits are of rich yellow color, and the flesh is of golden yellow color. The fruits are less juicy, crisp, and has the typical ‘pineapple’ aroma and flavor. There are small, deep eyes in the body of fruits which must be cut while removing the skin. The leaves are brownish red and short. Individual fruits reach between 0.9 and 1.3 kg.
购买种植材料
菠萝通常由吸盘，滑动和冠繁殖。这些5-6个月的种植材料在种植12个月后带有花朵，除了在19-20个月后带有花朵的冠。通过组织培养产生的菠萝植物也可以培养。
Slips bear fruits in 18 to 20 months. They should be obtained 6 to 8 weeks after harvesting.
选择尺寸和类型相似的种植材料，以与排水均匀的开花和果实。
根据天气条件，将它们暴露于阳光一周或更长时间来治愈相似的阳光。固化可防止植物材料的感染和生根。
Planting
Four different systems are followed for planting pineapples. These four systems are flat-bed, furrow, contour and trench.
Exact system of planting varies according to land and rainfall. Terracing or contour planting system is applied in the slopes, which helps to check soil erosion.
Spacing
High density cultivation is recommended for commercial viability. Density of 63,400 plants per hectare is ideal for sub-tropical and mild humid conditions.
虽然植物密度为每公顷53,300株植物的炎热和潮湿条件，但连续从植物到植物在25厘米处的植物密度，从行到排60厘米，从沟槽到沟槽的90厘米可提供高产量。
But in high fertile, rainfed and hilly areas, a somewhat lower panting density of 31,000 plants per hectare is recommended.
High Density Planting
The yield of 70-105 tonnes/ha. may be obtained under high density planting, the increase in yield/unit area being 45-85 tonnes/ha. Less weed infestation, protection of fruits from sun burn, increased production of propagules (suckers and slips)/unit area and non-lodging of plants are added advantages of high density planting.
种植季节
The exact or ideal time of planting is 12-15 months before the peak flowering season.
Under natural conditions, exact planting season varies from December to March in different regions. In most cases, the peak flowering season is from January to March.
Caring
Taking additional care of the plants is a must for good growth and maximum production. It is not a plant and harvest crop, and the plants require lots of care and maintenance. Here we are trying to describe the caring of pineapple plants.
施肥
Adequate nitrogen fertilizer helps the plants to grow vigorously and produce large fruits. On the other hand, potassium increase fruit size and sweetness. And these plants generally require less phosphorus.
在Jorhat条件下，在12,4和12 G./plant/year处的N剂量分别为12,4和12 G./plant/year。未观察到对P应用的响应。
However, in the ratoon crop 4 g. P2O5/plant increases fruit weight and yield. Plants receiving 12 g. K2O/plant/crop give higher yield without any adverse effect on fruit quality both under irrigated and rainfed conditions.
For medium fertile soils in West Bengal, N (12-16g.), P2O5 (2-4g.) and K2O (10-12 g.)/plant are optimum. It is recommended to apply N and K2O each @ 12g./plant.
There is no need for P application. However, if the soils are poor in P, 4g. P2O5/plant can be applied. N should be applied in 6 split doses. The first dose of N can be given two months after planting and the last one 12 months after planting.
The K should be applied in two split doses. Entire P and half of K can be given at the time of planting and the remaining K, 6 months after planting. Application of fertilizers under rainfed conditions should be done when moisture is available.[2]
Irrigation
Generally, the pineapples are mostly cultivated under rainfed conditions. But supplementary irrigation or watering helps to produce good sized fruits in areas having optimum rainfall.
Irrigation also helps to establish an off-season planting to maintain it’s year round production. Irrigation may be provided once in 20-25 days, in case of scanty rainfall and hot weather.
控制杂草
种植任何植物时，杂草很烦人。他们从土壤中消耗营养和水，最终遭受植物的影响。
So, perform weeding regularly. And completely remove all the weeds from the soil before fertilizing your plants.
Mulching
覆盖有助于控制杂草并将水分保留在土壤中。您可以使用干叶或稻草作为覆盖材料。
已经发现用黑色聚苯覆盖和锯尘非常有效。
The maturing fruits may be covered with rice straw or pineapple leaves in order to reduce both sun burn and damage caused by the birds.
Removal of Suckers, Slips & Crown
Suckers start growing with the emergence of inflorescence, whereas slips grow with the developing fruits.
The fruit weight increases with increasing number of suckers/plant, while the increased number of slips delays fruit maturity. Crown size has no bearing on the fruit weight or quality.
因此，可以尽可能地延迟延迟，而建议将滑动延迟，一旦达到种植所需的大小。不需要去除牙冠，因为它会引起水果的吸引力，并且也使处理困难。
冠的部分捏合是由果实套装后45天的最内向的小叶以及生长的尖端组成的冠冕组成，非常适合获得更好的尺寸和形状的果实。
Intercropping
通常的间作做法是在椰子或木瓜下188金宝搏app亚洲登录种植菠萝。通过提供所有农作物的肥料需求，可以大188金宝搏app亚洲登录大增加间断的回报。
Pests and Diseases
The pineapple plants are generally free from pests, except infestation of mealy bugs and scale insects in sporadic cases.
And diseases are not common, except stem rot. Control measures include good drainage and dipping the suckers in Boradeaux mixture before planting.
Harvesting
根据品种的不同，菠萝植物通常在播种后12至15个月开花，种植后的15至18个月就可以准备好。
Under natural conditions, pineapple comes to harvest during May-August. The fruit usually ripens about 5 months after flowering. Irregular flowering results in the harvesting spread over a long period. In order to get uniform flowering (over 80%) in the main season, Ethrel (@ 100 ppm.) solution is applied to plants one month before flowering.
当开发水果的底部发生略有变化时，将收集水果是出于罐头目的而收获的。保留用于餐桌目的的水果，直到产生金黄色。
The plant crop after harvest can be retained as ratoon crop for three to four years depending upon the soil condition. Ratooning in high density planting reveals that the average fruit weight in the first and second ratoon is 88% and 79% respectively of the plant crop. The plant stand is also reduced gradually resulting in the reduction of fruit yield by 49 and 46% (approx.) in first and second ratoon crops respectively.
屈服
Exact amount of yield vary depending upon spacing and cultural practices. The average yield is 50-80 tonnes per hectare.
Post Harvesting Tasks
There are some tasks after harvesting the kiwi fruits. The common post harvesting tasks are mentioned below.
Grading
The pineapples are graded on the basis of their weight, size and color.
贮存
收获后10-15天，可以保留带有牙冠的水果。当水果被运输到长距离或几天后，需要冷藏运输才能减慢成熟过程。
菠萝可以很好地存储在20天的时间内，在10-130 C上冷藏。最佳存储在7.20 c和80或90％的相对湿度为80或90％。
Packing
Fruits are packed in baskets woven with bamboo strips. For local markets, the fruits are arranged in baskets (each weighing 20-25 kg.) lined with paddy straw to stand on their stumps.
The second layer of fruits is arranged on the crowns of the first layer of fruits. For distant markets, fruits are wrapped individually with paddy straw and then packed.
运输
良好的运输服务有助于轻松销售您的产品。卡车/卡车的公路运输是最受欢迎的运输方式，这是由于从果园到市场的简单方法。
Marketing
Marketing is the most important part of successful pineapple farming business. Because, if you can market your products properly, then you will definitely make good profits.
The pineapples already have good demand and value in the market. So, you will be able to easily sell your products in the local or any nearest market.
The growers usually dispose off their produce at the farm gate to the middlemen. Majority of the cultivators sell their crop either through trade agents at village level or commission agents at the market.
These are the steps and ways of starting and operating a successful pineapple farming business. Hope this guide has helped you! Good luck & may God bless you!
