Watermelon farming is very common and popular throughout the world. It is actually a highly cultivated fruit worldwide. And the fruit has both high demand and price in the market in almost everywhere around the world.
西瓜实际上是葫芦科家族中的一种植物，这是一种最初在非洲驯化的藤蔓样植物。它是世界上最常见，最富有培养的水果，拥有超过一千种品种。
Watermelon is a scrambling and trailing vine. There is evidence from seeds in Pharaoh tombs of watermelon cultivation in Ancient Egypt.
Watermelon plants grows well in favorable climates from tropical to temperate regions worldwide. It is grown for it’s large edible fruit, which is a berry with a hard rind and no internal divisions, and is botanically called pepo.[1]
The sweet, juicy flesh is generally deep red to pink, with many black seeds. Although, today there are seedless varieties available.
水果可以生吃或腌制，烹饪后果皮可食用。它通常是作为果汁或混合饮料中的成分食用。
Considerable breeding effort has developed disease-resistant varieties. Today, there are many cultivars are available that produce mature fruit within 100 days of planting.
西瓜是从热带到温带种植的气候生长的植物。它们需要高于大约25°C的温度才能繁殖。
种子通常播种在覆盖底下的盆中，并将其移植到排水良好的沙质壤土中，pH值在5.5至7之间，并将中等水平的氮。
中国is the world’s largest producer of watermelon. And in the year of 2017, China produced about two-thirds of the world total watermelons.
Table of Contents
Watermelon Nutritional Benefits
Watermelon is very nutritious, and it is a popular fruit throughout the world. It is actually a very common and favorite food.
In a 100 grams serving, watermelon fruit supplies 125 kilojoules (30 kilocalories) of food energy and low amounts of essential nutrient. Only vitamin C is present in appreciable content at 10% of the daily value.
Watermelon fruit is about 91% water and around 6% sugar and low amount of fat. However, here we are shortly describing about the top advantages/benefits of consuming watermelons.
- Watermelon is an excellent source of water, containing around 91% of water. This fruit will keep you hydrated. And staying hydrated will keep your body cool during high summers.
- 它会清洁身体并保持皮肤健康。
- Watermelon is a juicy fruit, and it will help your kidneys convert L-citrulline (amino acid) into L-arginine (amino acid). These two amino acids have a tendency to protect you from diabetes.
- Watermelon consists of mostly water, so it will give you a feeling of fullness and this will curb your appetite from snacking on your favorite food. Thus it can help you in weight loss.
- Consuming watermelon is beneficial for preventing cardiovascular disease.
- This fruit is a good source of vitamin C. And vitamin C is responsible for reducing the effects of asthma and this could mean that you could be fighting some of the severe effects of asthma with just one cup of watermelon everyday.[2]
- Watermelon is known for reducing dental problems. And it is also good for your kidneys.
- 西瓜打击炎症。如果您定期食用西瓜，可以避免心脏病，癌症和纤维肌痛。
- Watermelon is good for nerve function. It is a rich source of potassium that can regulate nerve function.
- 已经研究了西瓜中的一些化合物，包括葫芦素E和番茄红素，以预防癌症的潜力（尽管研究结果是混合的）。
- Watermelon juice has some potential as a recovery beverage after exercise. Citrulline may be partially responsible for its effect of easing muscle soreness.
- Regular consumption of watermelon is very good or your skin and hair. There are several nutrients in watermelon which will help your skin and hair healthy.
- Watermelon contains fiber and water. Both are very important for healthy digestion.
Advantages of Watermelon Farming
Watermelon is very common and popular throughout the world. It is the most popular and highly cultivated fruit.
So, both demand and value are great in the market. You can easily start watermelon farming business if you want to make profits from农业综合企业.
You can start commercial watermelon farming business, even if you are a beginner. Here we are shortly describing about the top advantages/benefits of watermelon farming.
- 商业西瓜种植是一个非常普遍且受欢迎的商业构想，许多人已经在从事这项业务。
- Growing the watermelon plants is relatively easy. So, you can take this opportunity for making good profits.
- Watermelon is a very popular fruit throughout the world. Both demand and price are high in the market.
- 西瓜植物几乎可以种植在世界各地的各地。
- Commercial watermelon farming can be a good business idea, if you are an unemployed educated person.
- Commercial watermelon farming can be a great business for creating employment source for rural unemployed people.
- Profits are high in comparison to total expenditure. The ROI is good in this business.
- Watermelons have very good demand in the market. So, you will be able to easily sell your products in your local or any nearest market.
- 经常吃西瓜对健康有好处。You can enjoy fresh fruits if you start your own watermelon farming business.
How to Start Watermelon Farming Business
Starting commercial or small scale watermelon farming is very easy and simple. The plants grow well in almost everywhere and caring process is relatively easy.
You can start this business, even if you are a beginner. Here we are trying to describe more information about starting and operating successful watermelon farming business from planting, caring to marketing and harvesting.
选择好的位置
您必须选择一个很好的位置，以开始您的西瓜养殖业务。西瓜在富含pH值的富含沙质土壤中生长良好。
The watermelon plants do not like soggy soils. And avoid heavy clay soils with poor drainage and aeration system. Also ensure availability of full sun.
准备土壤
Preparing the soil perfectly is very important for watermelon cultivation. Successful growing of watermelon plants require extensive soil preparation before planting.
The basic soil preparation starts about 5 months before transplanting watermelon seedlings. Plow the soil well at that time.
Plowing improves soil aeration and drainage. At the same time, plowing removes rocks and other undesirable materials from the soil. Till the soil perfectly, right after plowing.
Apply as much organic fertilizer as you can while preparing the soil before planting.
Climate Requirement For Watermelon Farming
Watermelon plants are grown in climates from tropical to temperate. They require temperatures higher than about 25 °C to thrive. Preferable temperature for growing watermelon plants is between 25 °C and 30 °C.
Best Time For Watermelon Farming
Watermelon plants can be grown throughout the year. Exact time vary depending on your location. In cool climates with short growing seasons, start seeds indoors 2 to 3 weeks before your last frost date. Plan to transplant seedlings into the garden about 2 weeks after that date.
In warmer climates with long growing seasons, sow seeds directly outdoors 1 to 2 weeks after your last frost date, as long as the soil temperature has warmed to at least 21 °C. Warmer soil helps prevent poor germination.
Watermelon Varieties
There are several, actually hundreds of watermelon varieties available throughout the world. Not all these varieties are good for commercial watermelon farming business. Try to determine which variety grows well in your area, and has good market demand. You can also consult with an expert in your area for having more ideas.
Purchase Seeds
西瓜植物是由种子生长的。因此，您必须从任何最近的种子供应商店购买种子。始终尝试购买新的优质种子。因为优质种子总是确保良好的生产。如今，有一些种子供应公司和在线商店。因此，您也可以考虑在线订购种子。
Seeds Per Acre
You will need about 1.5 to 2 kg of seeds for sowing one acre land.
种植
Watermelon plants can be grown throughout the year. Exact time vary depending on your location. In cool climates with short growing seasons, start seeds indoors 2 to 3 weeks before your last frost date. Plan to transplant seedlings into the garden about 2 weeks after that date.
In warmer climates with long growing seasons, sow seeds directly outdoors 1 to 2 weeks after your last frost date, as long as the soil temperature has warmed to at least 21 °C. Warmer soil helps prevent poor germination.
Spacing:实际间距距离可能会根据播种方法而有所不同。在PIT方法中，使用行进行行间隔2-3.5米和2米之间的0.6米。
播种深度：Plant the seeds about 2-3 cm deep.
Sowing Method:不同的方法用于播种。犁沟法，坑法和山丘方法最常使用。尽管确切的方法取决于气候和季节。
Caring
Taking additional caring is very important for watermelon farming. Because the watermelon plants require good caring and other maintenance.
Although, all the caring process of watermelon plants is very easy. Here we are shortly describing about the caring process of watermelon plants.
Fertilizing
Apply as much organic materials as you can while preparing the soil. Watermelon plants love rich soil with lots of organic materials.
Apply[电子邮件保护],[电子邮件保护]and[电子邮件保护]in form of[电子邮件保护], Single Super[电子邮件保护]and Muriate of[电子邮件保护]每英亩。在播种种子之前，涂抹全量的磷，钾肥和三量的氮。在葡萄藤基地附近施加剩余剂量的氮，避免接触它，并在初始生长期间在土壤中充分混合。
Irrigation
在夏季，每周施加灌溉。并在成熟期间仅在需要时进行灌溉。
Avoid over flooding in watermelon field. Don’t wet the vines or vegetative parts of the plants while applying irrigation (especially during flowering and fruit-set).
Avoid frequent irrigation, in heavy soil, as it will promote excessive vegetative growth. Reduce or stop watering 3-6 days before harvesting for better sweetness and flavor.
Mulching
Mulching is very important for growing watermelon plants. Mulching helps to retain moisture into the soil and it also helps to prevent weeds. You can use organic materials (such as dry leaves, straw etc.) or polythene as a mulch.
Weed Control
Keeping the field weed free is very important for watermelon farming business. Weeds consume nutrients from the soil, and the plants will suffer.
在生长的早期阶段，保持床杂草释放。在没有适当的控制措施的情况下，杂草可能导致大约30％的产量损失。
播种后15至20天进行跨文化行动。根据严重程度和杂草强度，需要2-3除草。
Flowering & Fruiting
Vines produce both male and female flowers separately on the same plant. They often begin producing male flowers several weeks before the females appear.
Don’t be concerned if the male flowers fall off. The female flowers will stay on the vine and bear fruit.
花朵需要授粉才能树立水果，因此请对蜜蜂友善。随着果实的成熟，通过轻轻提起腐烂并将纸板或稻草放在水果和土壤之间来防止腐烂。
修剪
修剪generally isn’t necessary for watermelon plants. But vine productivity may be improved if you do not allow lateral vines to grow and stick to the main vine.
Pests & Diseases
The watermelon plants are susceptible to some diseases and pests. Here we are shortly describing about some common diseases and pests of watermelon plants.
Pests
下面列出了损害西瓜植物和水果的常见害虫。
蚜虫和蓟马：这些蚜虫和蓟马从叶子上吸了汁。导致叶子变黄和掉落。蓟马会导致叶子卷曲，叶子变成杯形或向上弯曲。
Fruit Fly:它是西瓜植物的严重害虫。雌性在水果表皮下产卵。后来，在magot上以果肉为食，然后开始腐烂。
Anthracnose:炭疽病影响树叶出现scorched appearance.
You can control all these pests by applying both organic and chemical pesticides. Consult with an expert in your area.
疾病
西瓜植物也容易受到某些疾病的影响。他们的常见疾病在下面列出。
Powdery Mildew:叶片上表面出现了斑驳的白色粉状生长。并在受感染植物的主要茎上。它用它作为食物来源使植物寄生。在严重的侵扰中，它会导致脱叶和过早的果实成熟。
Leaf Miner:叶矿工的岩浆在叶子上进食，并将蛇纹石矿物矿化成叶子。它影响光合作用和果实的形成。
突然枯萎：It can affect crop at any stage. Plant get weak and give yellow appearance at initial stage. And in severe infestation complete wilting is observed.
You can apply both organic and chemical ways for controlling these diseases. Consult with an expert in your area.
Harvesting
If tendril near stem gets dried also whitish color of fruit which touch to ground get yellowish then assume that fruit is ready for harvesting.
On thumping melon if it sounds hollow (usually as a dull thump or thud) then it is ready for harvest and immature fruit sounds dense. Don’t pick immature fruits as they ripe only when attached to vine.
未成熟的水果没有含糖含量或颜色丰富。要收获成熟的水果，请用一对锋利的修剪器或刀从水果中切出1英寸的茎。水果可以存储在凉爽的潮湿环境中。
收获后任务
Grade the fruit on the basis of size of fruits. Watermelons can be stored for about 2 weeks at temperature of 15 °C. But remember, do not store watermelon with apples and banana as it developed off flavor along with softening of fruit.
Yield
Exact yield is not possible to tell, because it depends on various factors. On an average, you can expect 7 to 8 tons per acre.
Marketing
Marketing watermelon is very easy. You will probably be able to easily sell your products in the local market. Although, you should set your marketing strategies before starting this business.
These are the common ways and steps for starting and operating a successful watermelon farming business. Hope this guide has helped you! Good luck & may God bless you!
