商业苹果农业是一项非常古老的业务。苹果是一种非常普遍的水果，在世界范围内发现。它非常营养且非常受欢迎。
全球各地都有苹果。苹果树是在全球种植的，是马鲁斯属中种植最广泛的物种。
Apple tree originated in Central Asia, where it’s wild ancestor (Malus sieversii) is still found today. And apples actually have been grown for thousands of years in Asia and Europe and were brought to North America by European colonists.
苹果在许多国家都是非常重要的水果。它在包括北欧，希腊和欧洲基督教传统在内的许多文化中具有宗教和神话意义。1这是给予的
如果从种子中生长，苹果树的尺寸通常很大。但是如今，商业苹果生产商过去通过嫁接砧木（控制生成的树的大小）来传播苹果品种。
如今，世界各地都有许多品种/品种的苹果品种。这些品种中的每一个都有特别的特征。各种品种都用于各种口味和用途，包括烹饪，苹果酒生产或生产。
苹果实际上是一种落叶乔木,通常斯坦ding between 6 and 15 feet tall in commercial cultivation and up to 30 feet in the wild. When cultivated, the size, shape and branch density are determined by rootstock selection and trimming method.
苹果树的叶子交替排列的深绿色的简单椭圆形，带有锯齿状的边缘和略微凹陷的底面。
如今，苹果是最受欢迎的水果之一。2018年全球苹果的总产量为8600万个色调，有Chinaaccounting for nearly half of the total. Secondary apple producing countries areUnited States和Poland.
Table of Contents
苹果的营养和用途
水果的所有部分（包括皮肤，但不适合种子）适合人类食用。从茎到底部，包含种子的核心通常不会被食用并且被丢弃。
These fruits can be consumed in many different ways: juice, raw in salads, baked in pies, cooked into sauces and spreads like apple butter, and other baked dishes. They are sometimes used as an ingredient in savory foods, such as sausage and stuffing.
苹果是一种非常营养的水果。一个生苹果约为14％的碳水化合物，86％的水和脂肪和蛋白质含量可忽略不计。根据Healthline, one medium apple (around 182 grams) offers the following nutrients:
- Carbs: 25 grams
- 卡路里：95
- Fiber: 4 grams
- Potassium: 6% of the RDI (Reference Daily Intake)
- Vitamin C: 14% of the RDI
- Vitamin K: 5% of the RDI
总而言之，苹果是纤维和维生素的良好来源。它们还包含多酚，可能具有许多健康益处。
苹果的健康益处
Consuming apples daily has many health benefits. You are probably familiar with the common English-language proverb “An apple a day keeps the doctor away”. Here we are trying to describe about the top advantages of consuming apples.
- Apples are a very good source of fiber and vitamins. They also contain polyphenols, which may have numerous health benefits.
- Apples are good source of fiber, so they are filling. You will be hungry less. And thus apples may aid weight loss.
- Consuming apples regularly promote hearth health in several ways. Apples are high in soluble fiber, which helps lower cholesterol.
- 吃苹果与较低的2型糖尿病风险有关。这可能是由于它们的多酚抗氧化剂含量。
- Apples contain pectin, a type of fiber that acts as a prebiotic. This means it feeds the good bacteria in your gut.
- 苹果有几种自然存在的化合物，可以帮助抗癌。观察性研究将它们与较低的癌症风险和癌症死亡有关。
- 苹果含有抗氧化剂和抗炎化合物，可能有助于调节免疫反应并预防哮喘。
- Consuming apples is also beneficial for promoting bone health, because it contains antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds.
- Apples contain compounds that may help protect your stomach lining from injury due to NSAID painkillers.
- 根据animal studies, apple juice may help prevent the decline of neurotransmitters that are involved in memory.
- 总而言之，苹果对人类健康非常有营养和安全。您可以每天食用苹果。
Advantages of Apple Farming Business
商业苹果农业是一项非常古老且受欢迎的业务。在许多国家，这是非常普遍的业务。
商业苹果农业业务有许多好处/优势。在这里，我们试图描述商业苹果农业业务的最佳优势。
- 商业苹果农业是一项非常古老且受欢迎的业务。Many people are already doing this business.
- 如果您是初学者，则可以从现有农民那里了解有关苹果耕种的更多信息。
- 商业苹果生产非常有利可图，您将能够从这项业务中赚取丰厚的利润。
- You don’t have to worry about the future of this business. Because it is an old and established business.
- Apple trees are very hardy and grow easily, and it’s very easy to take care of them. You can easily take care of them, even if you are a beginner.
- 营销apples is very easy. Because this fruit already has an established market demand and price. So, you don’t have to worry about marketing your products.
- Commercial apple farming is a profitable business. So, it can be a great employment source for the people. Especially for the unemployed educated people.
- Capital requirement in commercial apple farming business is relatively less. But you will get profits for many years.
- Apples are very nutritious and have numerous health benefits. You can enjoy fresh apples if you start your own apple production business.
How to Start Apple Farming Business
Apple trees are very strong and hardy and they generally require less caring, and caring the plants is very easy and simple. You can learn practically from an experienced farmer in your area before starting this business commercially.
You can take good care of the plants even if you are a beginner. Here we are trying to describe more information about starting and operating commercial apple farming business from planting, caring to harvesting and marketing.
选址
您必须选择一个很好的位置来开始您的苹果耕作业务。苹果植物在有机物丰富的壤土中生长良好。
Good drainage system is a must, because apple plants can’t tolerate water logging. pH range of the soil should be between 5.5% and 6.5%.
Although, you can use your existing land if the land meet all the demands listed above.
Prepare Soil
在种植之前完美准备土壤对于种植苹果植物非常重要。进行耕作，交叉耕作土地，然后将土地平整。
And then prepare the land in such way that water stagnation should not occurred in field. Because, apple plants can’t tolerate water logging.
准备土壤时，应该添加尽可能多的有机含量。添加有机含量将帮助植物生长良好并产生更多。
苹果农业的气候要求
苹果植物可以在正确的气候条件下生长。这些植物可以在海拔1500至2700米的高度生长。2这是给予的
Temperature during the apple growing season should be around 21°C and 24°C. These trees require between 100 cm to 125 cm of annual rainfall (evenly spread throughout the year).
Too much of rainfall and fog near the fruit maturity period will result in poor fruit quality with improper color development of fruit and fungal spots on the fruit surface. Apple cultivation is not suitable where the high velocity of winds are expected.
Apple Varieties
目前，有许多品种/品种可供选择。您可以选择在您所在地区生长良好的任何品种。咨询一些现有农民，以更好地推荐。
Common and popular cultivars are Alice, Ambrosia, Ananasrenette, Arkansas Black, Aroma, Belle de Boskoop, Bramley, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Cox Pomona, Cripps Pink, Discovery, Egremont Russet, Fuji, Gala, Bloster, Golden Delicous, Goldrenette, Granny Smith, Honeycrisp, James Grieve, Jonagold, Lobo, Mclntosh, Pacific Rose, Red Delicious, Shampion, Stark Delicious, SugarBee, Summerred, Tellissaare, Yellow Transparent etc.
Propagation
苹果的商业传播植物是通过budding and tongue grafting methods. Purchase the planting material required for apple farming from the registered nurseries.
Purchase Plants
Apple plants are easily available in the areas where the plants grow. You can easily purchase from any of your nearest nurseries.
Today, many nurseries have online presence. So, you can order the plants online.
Planting
可以随时种植苹果植物。但是建议在一月和二月的几个月内种植植物。
Average number of plants in an area of one hectare may range from 200 to 1250. Although, stocking density depends on numerous factors.
Stocking density can vary depending on the planting system. 4 different types of planting density are implemented. Such as low, moderate, high and ultra high density.
通常，密度较小的每公顷植物少于300株植物，中等密度的300-500植物，高密度的500-1300植物，高密度类型的每公顷1300株植物。
关怀
Apple plants are very strong and hardy. They generally grow well in less caring and other management. Although, taking additional caring will help the plants to grow well and produce more. Here we are trying to describe more about the caring process in commercial apple farming business.
施肥
为植物提供足够的肥料，对于植物的良好生长非常重要。提供足够的有机肥料（例如农场粪便）以及其他化肥。
The ratio of K, P, and N which is applied in an orchard of optimal fertility is 70:35:70 grams per year age of the tree. Use appropriate application of fertilizer for deficiency of boron, zinc, manganese and calcium.
浇水
商业苹果农业中的灌溉要求约为每年115厘米，应安排在14至20种浇水/灌溉中。
浇水should be provided at an interval of 6 to 10 days during the summer season, and at an interval of 3-4 weeks during the winter season. And at least 8 irrigation are required during the critical period (April to August), after fruit set.
Weeding
杂草从土壤中消耗营养，植物遭受痛苦。因此，及时和定期的除草非常重要。
Inter-cropping
互相作品是赚188金宝搏app亚洲登录取一些额外的好方法。它还有助于最大程度地减少杂草问题。绿色粪便188金宝搏app亚洲登录bean和向日葵can be cultivated in the early years of apple planting in order to increase soil texture and nutrients of the soil.
覆盖
覆盖有助于将水分保留到土壤中。这也将有助于减少杂草的生长。您可以将有机材料用作覆盖物。
Training & Pruning
For getting good growth of the plants and good production, timely training and pruning is very important. The apple plants are trained as per growth habit and vigor of the rootstocks.
标准的苹果植物在改良的中央领导系统上接受培训，以接收适当的光线。这可以改善水果颜色，并最大程度地减少大雪和冰雹的影响。
纺锤体灌木系统最适合在中山条件下的高密度苹果种植。
Pests & Diseases
正如我们在上面提到的那样，“苹果树非常坚固耐用”。而且它们不太容易受到害虫，疾病或其他问题的影响。
The main pests in apple farming are eriosoma lanigerum, quadraspidiotus perniciosus, thrips rhopalantennalis, pseudoulacaspis sp. etc.
And the main diseases found in apple farming are venturia, inaequilis, phytophthora cactorus, agrobacterium tumefaciens, sclerotium rolfsii, cankers, die-back diseases, etc. You can apply carbendazim, copper oxychloride, mancozeb and other fungicides for controlling the diseases.
收获
根据品种的不同，苹果树从第八年开始就开始搭配果实。Apple的生产率从第8年增长到第17年，随后的生产保持持续30年。
Lifespan of the apple trees can be extended up to even 40 years depending upon the climatic conditions. Generally the fruits are harvested before they are fully ripe.
Post-Harvesting Tasks
There are many tasks/activities to follow after harvesting apples. Post-harvesting tasks are pre-cooling, grading according to their size and weight, storage, packing and transporting. Do all these activities very carefully.
屈服
It’s not possible to tell the exact amount. Because exact number depends on numerous factors. On average, you can expect around 10-12 tonnes per hectare.
营销
营销apples is very easy and simple. Apples have very good demand and value throughout the world. You will be able to easily sell your products in the local market.
These are the common steps and ways for starting and operating a successful apple farming business. Hope this guide has helped you! Good luck!
