Potato farming is very common and popular throughout the world. Potatoes are actually the most common and are relatively inexpensive to purchase from any market.
马铃薯是世界上最重要的粮食农作物。188金宝搏app亚洲登录这是一种经济的农作物，被称为穷人的朋友。188金宝搏app亚洲登录
土豆的起源在南美。土豆实际上是在许多方面使用的。但它主要用作蔬菜，还用于制作薯条和其他食品。
It is also used for several industrial purposes for production of starch.
如今，土豆在世界各地都非常普遍，并且在世界各地的几乎所有地区都种植。
商业马铃薯种植非常简单。甚至初学者也可以开始种土豆以赚钱.
Here in this guide, we are trying to describe more about potato farming techniques, planting, caring, harvesting and many tips and ideas.
目录
Potato Nutritional Benefits
Consuming potatoes have many nutritional benefits. It is a rich source of starch and vitamin. Raw potatoes generally have 2 percent protein, 17 percent carbohydrates, 79 percent water and negligible amount of fat.
土豆实际上以许多不同的方式在世界各地消耗。在这里，我们很快就描述了食用土豆的最高营养益处。
- 土豆是许多维生素和矿物质的绝佳来源。它是维生素C，B6的良好来源。它富含蛋白质，纤维，脂肪，卡路里和碳水化合物。它也是一些矿物质的良好来源，例如钾，锰，镁，磷，烟酸和叶酸。
- Potatoes are rich in compounds like flavonoids, carotenoids and phenolic acids. And all these compounds act as antioxidants in the body by neutralizing potential harmful molecules (known as free radicals).
- Potatoes contain resistant starch, which may help in reducing insulin resistance. In turn, this can help improve blood sugar control.
- Potatoes are good source of fiber, which may improve your digestive health.
- Potatoes are naturally gluten-free, which makes them an excellent food choice for people with celiac disease or a non-celiac gluten sensitivity.
- Potatoes are delicious, versatile and easy to add to your diet. Try boiling, baking or steaming them and consuming them with the skin intact.
- 研究表明，土豆是最饱满的食物之一。它们可能会增加饱和激素的水平，例如胆囊动蛋白（CCK）。
Advantages of Potato Farming Business
Commercial potato farming business has many advantages/benefits. It is a very important cash crop. And you can make good profits from potato cultivation business. Here we are shortly describing about the top advantages of potato farming business.
- Commercial potato farming is not a new business idea. So, you don’t have to worry much about it. You can start this business for making good profits.
- 土豆的需求和价格很好。土豆的需求全年。
- 土豆几乎可以在世界各地的所有地方种植。
- Commercial potato cultivation can be a very good business idea for the educated unemployed people.
- 生产成本中等，投资回报率很好。
- 土豆可以加工成不同类型的食物。这也可能是一个很好的商业想法。
- Marketing potatoes is very easy. You can sell your products directly from the field.
How to Start Potato Farming Business
马铃薯种植非常简单。即使您是初学者，您也可以开始这项业务并赚取良好的利润。土豆可以在不同类型的肥沃土壤中种植。
如果您仔细遵守本指南，则可以开始商业土豆种植业务。在这里，我们试图描述有关种植，关怀和收获土豆的更多信息。
选择一个好的位置
First of all, you have to select a very good location for starting potato farming business. The selected land must have to be well-drained and fertile.
The potatoes can be grown on wide range of soil, ranging from sandy loam, silt loam, loam and clay soils.
土豆植物在排水良好的沙质壤土和中等壤土的有机含量丰富的土壤下生长时可提供最佳的产量。
马铃薯植物可以在酸性土壤中种植。但是这些植物不能生长在水口的土壤下。盐水和碱性土壤不适合马铃薯种植。
准备土壤
应准备好粉碎的床以用于商业马铃薯种植。您可以通过将土地耕作到20到25厘米深的深处来做到这一点。耕作手术后，要采取两三痛。
通过木板操作一两次将土壤平整。并在播种前保持足够的水分。山脊和犁沟法，以及平床方法通常用于种植土豆。
在准备土壤时，请尽可能多地施用有机肥料。化肥也是有机肥料，最大程度的生长也是必不可少的。
为了获得最佳的增长和良好的生产，植物将需要[电子邮件保护]kg per acre in form of[电子邮件保护]kg/acre,[电子邮件保护]kg/acre in form of[电子邮件保护]kg/acre和[电子邮件保护]kg/acre in form of[电子邮件保护]kg/acre。[1]
土豆种植的气候要求
必须在最佳时间种植土豆以确保高产。马铃薯植物无法忍受高温。植物通常需要凉爽的气候才能生长。
Best Time for Potato Cultivation
Potato plants grow well in cool weather. You can start planting 1-2 weeks after last spring frost, if you live in the northern areas.
The best time for planting potato is when the maximum and minimum temperatures are from 30°C to 32°C and 18°C to 20°C respectively.
选择一个品种
全球大约有4,000种土豆可用。在这些品种中，有一些具有特定农业或烹饪属性的品种。
马铃薯品种通常根据其共同特征（例如紫色，黄色，白色和红色）分类为某些群体。
在许多不同的马铃薯品种中，红土豆和椭圆形烘焙土豆已经占据了市场。
味道和不同马铃薯品种的质地不同于每种品种与另一种品种的不同。
您应该选择在您所在地区生长良好的品种。您可以咨询您所在地区的专家，以选择适合您的业务的品种。
Some popular potato varieties for commercial cultivation are Katahdin, Kennebec, Elba, Irish Cobbler, Norland, Mountain Rose, Viking, Blue, Red Pontiac and Chieftan.
购买种子/土豆
The seed potatoes are actually not seeds at all. The seed potatoes are full-size regular potatoes which are allowed to start producing shoots from the potato eyes.
Probably, you have already seen such potatoes when you store some potatoes in the kitchen for too long.
您可以轻松地从市场上购买土豆，以开始您的土豆种植业务。您可以从商店购买种子土豆，也可以在线订购。
Seeds Per Acre
使用种子率800 - 1000公斤/亩体积小tuber, 1000-1200 kg/acre for medium size and 1200-1800 kg/acre for large size tubers. Use whole seeds for disease free quality seed production.
种植
将种子种在您的土地上，已经准备好土豆种植。确切的种植时间对于最大生产非常重要。种植土豆的最佳时间是最高和最低温度分别从30°C到32°C和18°C至20°C时。
For early season crop in India, complete sowing from 25th September to 10th October, Sowing should be done in first week of October to third week of October, for medium duration crop. And for long duration crop, complete sowing from third week of October to first week of November. And for spring season, second fornight of January is best time for planting.
间距：For planting, use distance of 20 cm between tubers and 60 cm between ridges manually or mechanically. Planting distance vary with size of tubers. If diameter of tuber ranges from 2.5-3.5 cm, use planting distance of 60×15 cm where as if diameter of tuber is of 5-6 cm, use spacing of 60×40 cm.
种植Depth:Dig a trench of 6-8 inch deep and plant 1 piece of potato with eye pointing up.
种植方法：使用拖拉机操作的半自动或自动播种机进行播种。
Caring
种植后，马铃薯植物需要额外的照顾，以更好地生长和最大产量。因此，必须额外照顾植物是良好生长植物和最大生产的必要条件。在这里，我们很快就描述了土豆种植的关怀过程。
Fertilizing
在播种时，施加3/4氮肥和全剂量的磷和钾肥。剩余的1/4剂量的氮应在接收运行时播种后30-40天后施用。
In case of light soil apply half dose of nitrogen and full dose of P and K at time of sowing and remaining half should be apply as top dressing in two time in equal splits at time of earthing up operation.
Watering
及时和适当的浇水对于商业马铃薯养殖业务非常重要。根据土壤水分，立即灌溉田间或种植后2-3天。
轻巧和频繁的灌溉可以最佳结果。但是，避免洪水灌溉，因为它会导致腐烂疾病。
对于中等到沉重的土壤，需要三到四个灌溉，而对于沙质土壤，需要8-12灌溉。
第二次灌溉应在种植后的30-35天内根据土壤水分进行。应根据土壤和作物需求的需求进行剩余的灌溉。188金宝搏app亚洲登录收获前停止灌溉10-12天。
Mulching
覆盖有助于将水分保留在土壤中，也有助于控制土壤中的杂草。土豆植物出现后，在行之间使用有机覆盖物。
控制杂草
杂草非常适合土豆植物。他们将从土壤中消耗营养。为了商业生产，应用metribuzin[电子邮件保护]per acre or[电子邮件保护]ltr per Acre before sprouts emergence.
Remove weeds with hand in case of low infestation 25days after planting in plain areas and 40-45days in hilly areas when crop attained height of 8-10cm. Usually weedicide in potato plant are not required as earthing up operation destroyed almost all weeds.
害虫与疾病
The potato plants are highly susceptible to some pests and diseases. You can apply both organic and chemical methods for controlling diseases and pests.
疾病
Late blight is a common disease in the potato plants which causes the foliage turning black, and then moldy. Dispose or burn the foliage for controlling this disease.
使用抗疾病的认证种植土豆也可以帮助预防这种疾病。马铃薯植物的另一个常见疾病是结ab。
这种疾病使植物看起来像是凸起的皮肤上的凸起区域或表面下沉的孔。低水平的土壤pH值可以帮助控制这种疾病。
害虫
蚜虫和甲虫是马铃薯植物中最常见的害虫。如果您发现任何蚜虫或甲虫，请定期检查植物，并使用有机农药。
薄,红色线worms also attack the potato underground. Crop rotation can help for preventing this pest.
Harvesting
有必要获得无病毒种子的种子，还可以增加块茎的大小和数量。Dehaulming意味着在修复时机或日期靠近地面切割叶子。它的时机根据地区和蚜虫人口而有所不同。在北部，它是在12月的上周进行的。
The crop is ready for harvesting when majority of the leaves turn yellow-brown and fall on ground. Harvest crop 15 to 20 days after dehaulming at proper moisture in soil.
您可以通过拖拉机绘制的土豆挖掘者或手动帮助采购土豆。收获后，土豆在地面上散布，并允许在阴影下干燥。
Post Harvesting Tasks
Do sorting of tubers and remove cut, injured tubers. And after sorting, grading is done depending upon diameter or size of tubers.
Over size tubers have great demand and value in the market, and they are very useful for chips making. Store the potatoes at temperature of 4°C to 7°C and relative humidity.
Yield
马铃薯的产量实际上取决于许多因素。确切的数量取决于多样性，季节和许多其他因素。印度马铃薯的平均产量约为每公顷20至30吨。
Marketing
Potatoes have very good demand and value throughout the world. So, you don’t have to worry much about marketing your products. You will probably be able to sell your products easily in the local market.
这就是商业马铃薯养殖业务。希望本指南能帮助您！在下面发表意见或提出您的问题。祝你好运，愿上帝保佑你！
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